Managed Code vs Unmanaged Code in .Net Framework

 

Managed Code

Managed Code is the code that runs under the control of the .NET runtime, known as the Common Language Runtime (CLR). The CLR provides a layer of abstraction between the code and the underlying hardware, and handles various aspects such as memory management, garbage collection, type safety, and exception handling. This makes it easier for developers to write code that is safe, robust, and cross-platform

Managed code can be executed on any platform where the CLR is available, including Windows, Linux, and macOS (with .NET Core or .NET 5+).



Unmanaged Code

Unmanaged Code refers to code that is executed directly by the operating system, without the intervention of the CLR. This code does not get memory management or other runtime services provided by the CLR, and it can directly interact with hardware and memory. Unmanaged code is typically written in languages like C, C++, and assembly language.

  • Memory Management: Unmanaged code requires the programmer to manually manage memory. The programmer has to explicitly allocate and free memory, which can lead to issues like memory leaks or pointer errors if not handled correctly.
  • Direct Hardware Access: Unmanaged code can interact directly with hardware, which allows more performance optimizations, but at the cost of safety.
  • No Garbage Collection: Unmanaged code does not benefit from the CLR's garbage collection.
  • More Control: Unmanaged code allows fine-grained control over system resources, which is often necessary for performance-critical applications, such as game engines, drivers, and low-level system code.      


    • Example of Unmanaged Code in C#:

    You can use unsafe code in C# to write unmanaged code (with certain restrictions and limitations). This allows you to work directly with pointers, just like in languages like C or C++.



    When to Use Each:

    • Managed Code: Use when you want to focus on application logic, safety, and ease of development. It's the preferred approach for most business applications, web development, and general-purpose software.
    • Unmanaged Code: Use when performance is critical, or when you need to interface with low-level system APIs, hardware, or write highly efficient system code (such as device drivers, real-time systems, or embedded software). Unmanaged code is often used for tasks that require tight control over memory and system resources.

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